Jenerat\u00f6r seti kullan\u0131m k\u0131lavuzu
\nJenerat\u00f6r, mekanik enerjiyi veya di\u011fer yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilen bir cihazd\u0131r. Genellikle buhar t\u00fcrbini jenerat\u00f6rleri yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r; bu t\u00fcr jenerat\u00f6rler t\u00fcrbin veya i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar (benzinli, dizel ve di\u011fer motorlar) ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; ancak son y\u0131llarda n\u00fckleer, r\u00fczg\u00e2r, g\u00fcne\u015f, biyok\u00fctle, okyanus enerjisi vb. gibi yeni yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusudur. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kapasiteli dizel jenerat\u00f6r setleri, uzun s\u00fcreli ve kesintisiz g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmekte ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedir; b\u00f6lgesel elektrik \u015febekesiyle paralel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015febeke kesintilerinden etkilenmezler ve y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenilirlik sunarlar. \u00d6zellikle elektrik tedarikinin \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde, dizel jenerat\u00f6rler hem yedek g\u00fc\u00e7 hem de acil durum g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak rol oynar; ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 sistemler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla rasyonel bir \u015fekilde optimize edilebilirler. Genellikle elektrik kesintileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak daha \u00f6nemlidir, bu nedenle bu projeler yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan jenerat\u00f6rlerin temel ilkeleri ve yap\u0131s\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r:
\n1. T\u00fcrbin ve t\u00fcrbin jenerat\u00f6r setleri. Y\u00fcksek verimlilik elde etmek amac\u0131yla, genellikle y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u00fcrbinlerden olu\u015fur; bunlar genellikle 3000 dev\/dak (frekans 50 Hz) veya 3600 dev\/dak (frekans 60 Hz) h\u0131z\u0131ndad\u0131r. N\u00fckleer santrallerdeki t\u00fcrbin h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, ancak yine de 1500 dev\/dk veya daha fazlad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u00fcrbin jenerat\u00f6rlerinde, mekanik gerilime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan merkezka\u00e7 kuvvetini azaltmak ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla genellikle nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck rotor \u00e7ap\u0131 ve nispeten b\u00fcy\u00fck uzunluk kullan\u0131l\u0131r; yani ince rotorlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 3000 dev\/dk veya daha y\u00fcksek devirde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck kapasiteli y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00fcnitelerde, malzeme mukavemeti ile rotor \u00e7ap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki nedeniyle rotor \u00e7ap\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve genellikle 1,2 metreden fazla olmaz. Rotorun kritik h\u0131z\u0131, g\u00f6vde uzunlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r. G\u00f6vde uzunlu\u011fu \u00e7ap\u0131n 6 kat\u0131ndan fazla oldu\u011funda, rotorun ikinci kritik h\u0131z\u0131 motorun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck titre\u015fimler meydana gelebilir. Bu nedenle, b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 turbo-jenerat\u00f6r rotorlar\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100.000 kilovat kapasiteli hava so\u011futmal\u0131 motor rotorlar\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; motor kapasitesini daha da art\u0131rmak, yaln\u0131zca motorun elektromanyetik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle motor so\u011futmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeliyiz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, 5 ila 10 milyon kw kapasiteli t\u00fcrbin jenerat\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in en uygun so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemleri hidrojen so\u011futmal\u0131 veya su so\u011futmal\u0131 teknolojilerdir. 1970\u2019lerden bu yana t\u00fcrbin-jenerat\u00f6r \u00fcniteleri 130 ila 150 milyon kilovatl\u0131k maksimum kapasiteye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1986'dan bu yana, y\u00fcksek kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00fcperiletken malzemeler konusunda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u00f6nemli bir at\u0131l\u0131m kaydedilmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcperiletken teknolojisinin t\u00fcrbin ve t\u00fcrbin jenerat\u00f6rlerinde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n, bu alanda yeni bir tarihsel s\u0131\u00e7rama yaratmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.
\n2. T\u00fcrbin jenerat\u00f6r setleri taraf\u0131ndan tahrik edilen hidroelektrik \u00fcretim \u00fcnitesi. Hidroelektrik santrallerinin do\u011fal ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, hidroelektrik \u00fcretim \u00fcnitesinin kapasitesi ve h\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. Tipik olarak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hidroelektrik santraller ve t\u00fcrbin tahrikli y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 darbe tipi hidroelektrik santraller daha \u00e7ok yatay yap\u0131ya sahipken, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve orta h\u0131zl\u0131 jenerat\u00f6r tahrikli santraller \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 dikey yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Santraller \u00e7o\u011fu yerde \u015fehirden uzakta oldu\u011fundan, g\u00fc\u00e7 iletim hatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesi genellikle daha uzun s\u00fcrer; bu nedenle, hidroelektrik g\u00fc\u00e7 sisteminin i\u015fletilmesinde daha y\u00fcksek bir istikrar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir: motor parametrelerinin dikkatli bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilmesi gerekir; rotorun atalet momenti y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, hidro t\u00fcrbin-jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, rotor \u00e7ap\u0131 ve k\u0131sa uzunlu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Hidroelektrik \u00fcretim \u00fcnitesinin devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve net \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 daha az zaman al\u0131r; bu da programlama esnekli\u011fi sa\u011flar; genel g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00f6zellikle pik y\u00fck \u00fcnitesi ve ar\u0131za durumlar\u0131nda yedek \u00fcnite olarak kullan\u0131ma uygundur. Hidroelektrik \u00fcnite kapasitesi 70 milyon kilovat seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3 adet dizel jenerat\u00f6r seti
\nDizel motorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan jenerat\u00f6rler, dizelin enerjisini elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr; kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re karasal ve deniz tipi dizel jenerat\u00f6r setleri olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir; Markalar\u0131na g\u00f6re ise yerli ve ithal dizel jenerat\u00f6r setleri olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilirler; d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131na g\u00f6re ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131zl\u0131 jenerat\u00f6r setleri ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 jenerat\u00f6rler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilirler.
\n3.1 Dizel motorlu jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri: Dizel enerjisinin elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi. Dizel motor silindirinde, hava filtresinden s\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f temiz hava ile y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme noz\u00fcl\u00fcnden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran dizel yak\u0131t\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r; pistonun yukar\u0131 do\u011fru hareketiyle hacim azal\u0131r, s\u0131cakl\u0131k h\u0131zla artar ve dizel yak\u0131t\u0131n tutu\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Dizel yak\u0131t tutu\u015ftu\u011funda, yanma gaz\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde genle\u015fir ve pistonu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru iter; buna \u2018i\u015f yapma\u2019 denir. Silindir belirli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; piston \u00e7ubu\u011funa etki eden itme kuvveti, krank milinin d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flayan tahrik g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, b\u00f6ylece krank milinin d\u00f6nmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. F\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131z senkron AC jenerat\u00f6r ve dizel motor krank mili e\u015f eksenli olarak monte edilmi\u015ftir; dizel motorun tahrik etti\u011fi jenerat\u00f6r rotorunun d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak \u2018elektromanyetik ind\u00fcksiyon\u2019 prensibinden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r; alternat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fcretti\u011fi ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f elektromotif kuvvet, y\u00fck devresinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ak\u0131m \u00fcretebilir. Burada sadece jenerat\u00f6r setinin en temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131ma uygun, istikrarl\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fitli dizel motor ve jenerat\u00f6r kontrolleri, koruma cihazlar\u0131 ve devreler gereklidir.
\n3.2 Dizel jenerat\u00f6r gruplar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131sal analizi
\nGenel olarak, bir dizel jenerat\u00f6r seti temel olarak dizel motor, jenerat\u00f6r ve kontrol sisteminden olu\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fur. Dizel motorlar ve jenerat\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda iki ba\u011flant\u0131 bulunur: biri esnek ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in, yani iki par\u00e7an\u0131n birbirine kenetlenmesini sa\u011flayan kaplin; di\u011feri ise sert ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in, y\u00fcksek mukavemetli c\u0131vatalarla \u00e7elik sac jenerat\u00f6r ile dizel motor volan diski aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde piyasada kullan\u0131lan dizel jenerat\u00f6rlerde, baz\u0131 dizel motorlar ve jenerat\u00f6rler kurulumdan sonra raf\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ucuna ba\u011flanarak daha sert bir ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r; ard\u0131ndan s\u0131cakl\u0131k sens\u00f6rleri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli sens\u00f6rlerin koruyucu etkisiyle birle\u015ftirilerek, bu sens\u00f6rler, motorun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 operat\u00f6re g\u00f6rsel olarak g\u00f6sterir; ayr\u0131ca bu sens\u00f6rler sayesinde bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r ayarlayabilirsiniz; s\u0131n\u0131ra ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kontrol sistemi \u00f6n alarm verir, bu durumda operat\u00f6r\u00fcn gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almamas\u0131 halinde sistem \u00fcniteyi otomatik olarak kapat\u0131r; dizel jenerat\u00f6r setleri bu \u015fekilde kendi kendini koruma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokar. \u00c7e\u015fitli sens\u00f6rlerden gelen geri bildirimleri ve bilgileri de\u011ferlendirme, verileri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ve ger\u00e7ek koruma i\u015flevini yerine getiren dizel jenerat\u00f6r kontrol sistemidir; kontrol paneli genellikle jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fczerine monte edilir ve \u201cs\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131 tipi kontrol paneli\u201d olarak bilinir. kontrol panelinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise kontrol odas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olup, buna \u201cayr\u0131k kontrol paneli\u201d denir; kontrol paneli, kablolar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla jenerat\u00f6rlere ve sens\u00f6rlere ba\u011flan\u0131r ve s\u0131ras\u0131yla elektriksel parametreleri ile motor \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma parametrelerini g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca, jenerat\u00f6rlerin \u015fasisi, kaplinleri, radyat\u00f6r\u00fc, yak\u0131t deposu ve baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n susturucu ile g\u00f6vdesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n4 r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbini
\nR\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbini, r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisini makinelere g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere mekanik i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr; bu, r\u00fczg\u00e2r de\u011firmeni olarak da bilinir. Genel olarak ifade etmek gerekirse, bu sistemde g\u00fcne\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 olarak atmosferi \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in bir \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve motorun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. G\u00fc\u00e7, yatay eksenli r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbini kanatlar\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 di\u015fli kutusu ve esnek kaplinli evrensel mil arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla jenerat\u00f6r miline aktar\u0131l\u0131r; kaplin, iyi s\u00f6n\u00fcmleme ve titre\u015fim emme \u00f6zelliklerine sahip olmal\u0131, radyal, eksenel ve ofset a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 emilim miktar\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fc \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in mekanik cihazlar\u0131n kaplinini sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka t\u00fcr ise, fan motorundan ge\u00e7meden do\u011frudan motora ba\u011fl\u0131 olan do\u011frudan tahrikli di\u015fli kutusu tipidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Instructions of generator set Generator\u00a0is able to mechanical energy or other renewable energy into electrical energy generating capacity. Generally, we usually common steam turbine\u00a0generator, turbine or internal combustion engines (gasoline, diesel and other engines) drive, but in recent years, said the new renewable energy sources including nuclear, wind, solar, biomass, ocean energy, etc. As the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n